GRAFTING

GRAFTING - Grafting or graftage is a horticultural technique whereby tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together. The upper part of the combined plant is called the scion while the lower part is called the root stock. The success of this joining requires that the vascular tissue grow together and such joining is called inosculation. The technique is most commonly used in asexual propagation of commercially grown plants for the horticultural and agricultural trades
.TYPES OF  GRAFTING - 1) Saddle graft                                              2) Bridge graft                                              3) Inarch graft                                              4) Bark graft SADDLE GRAFT - : A plant graft made by fitting a deep cleft in the end of the scion over a wedge in the end of a stock of similar diameter so that the two cambiums are in contact

 
BARK GRAFT - : A plant graft made by slitting or slipping the bark of the stock and inserting the scion beneath it and used especially in top working and frame working where two or more scions are inserted in the end of each truncated branch of the stock — compare crown graft

PROCESS 

Image titled Graft a Tree Step 11) Choose your cultivar and your rootstock. In order for your budding to be successful, you must cut a scion (small piece for grafting) from a healthy, disease-free cultivar (origin tree) as well as a suitable growing tree (rootstock). The rootstock in this case is an established tree that the scion can be spliced into. For T-budding, the bark of both trees must be "slipping." This means the bark is easily peeled off and the green layer underneath is moist, which usually occurs in the spring. Try irrigating them well to help them along

Image titled Graft a Tree Step 32) Cut a scion. For T-budding, you must cut into the branch 1⁄2 inch (1.3 cm) below the bud to 3⁄4 inch (1.9 cm) beyond the bud. Make the cut as deep as needed to include the soft, green layer beneath the bark but not any deeper. This green material must be exposed on your scion for a successful graft. If you must store your scion bud, wrap it in a damp paper towel, place it in a polyethylene bag, and store it in a refrigerator.


Image titled Graft a Tree Step 43) Make a T-cut on your rootstock. Choose a space on a branch or sapling that is 1⁄4inch (0.6 cm) to 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter. The space must be free of any buds, ideally far from any buds. Make a vertical slice in the bark about 1 inch (2.5 cm) long and deep enough to expose that green layer. Make a horizontal slice of the same depth that is about one third the distance around the rootstock. Twist the knife in the juncture of the slices to create flaps of the bark, making the green layer visible.


Image titled Graft a Tree Step 5 4) Introduce the scion. Slip the scion containing the bud under the flaps you've just created on the rootstock, taking care not to introduce any dirt or germs. If part of the scion's bark sticks out above the T-cut, slice it off so that everything fits together snugly.
  Image titled Graft a Tree Step 65) Tie the scion to the rootstock. Wrap a stretchy rubber material such as grafting rubber around the rootstock to hold the scion in place. Be careful not to jostle or cover the bud.
    Image titled Graft a Tree Step 7 6) Remove the tie. In about a month, the rubber you wrapped around the rootstock may loosen and fall off. If it doesn't, gently remove it yourself so that the area will not be constricted. 
      Image titled Graft a Tree Step 8

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